Post-pandemic intention to participate in the tourism and hospitality (T&H) events: an integrated investigation through the lens of the theory of planned behavior and perception of Covid-19

PurposeThis paper aims to predict the post-pandemic intention of Indian consumers to participate in tourism and hospitality T&H events by incorporating the perception of Covid-19 (PCOV) into the theory of planned behavior (TPB). It also examines the relationship among attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention and PCOV.Design/methodology/approachThis research employed a quantitative research technique, with data collected using an online questionnaire-based survey from August 23 to October 29, 2021. The sampling approach is convenient, and the sample of this study is comprised of individuals who follow events pages on social networking sites.FindingsThe findings of SEM revealed that the proposed model has better explanatory and predictive power. The path analysis showed that all the variables of the TPB are significantly and positively associated with the post-pandemic intention to participate in the T&H events. However, the PCOV is negatively associated with the post-pandemic intention.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study give an idea about the post-pandemic intention of Indian consumers to participate in T&H events. The results of this study revealed important practical implications for event management organizations, travel agencies that deal in events, the T&H industry, tourism planners and other stakeholders, as these findings may be used to develop effective marketing strategies.Originality/valueThere has been a lot of research on TPB in the context of coronavirus, but to the best of the authors' knowledge, there is a gap in the literature regarding the intention to participate in T&H events. Hence, this research fills that gap.

The effect of risk perception and COVID‑19 anxiety in pregnancy on decision‑making via the Internet and prenatal care quality: A cross‑sectional multivariate analysis

Background: Risk perception and COVID‑19 anxiety in pregnant women restrict access to health services, cause pregnant women to resort to alternative channels such as the Internet, and affect prenatal care quality (PCQ) negatively. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of risk perception and COVID‑19 anxiety in pregnancy on decision‑making via the Internet (DMI) and PCQ with multivariate analysis. Materials and Methods: This cross‑sectional study was conducted with 406 pregnant women selected using the convenience sampling method in a training and research hospital, in Turkey. The data were collected using the information form, the perception of pregnancy risk questionnaire, the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the DMI Scale, and the PCQ Scale. The data obtained were subject to descriptive analysis and the multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Approximately 24.9% of the pregnant women were found to have a high perception of risk and 18% had symptoms of COVID‑19 anxiety. Pregnant women with high COVID‑19 anxiety and a higher perception of risk perceived the Internet as less influential for decision‑making (P < 0.05). Pregnant women with a high‑risk perception had lower PCQ (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings can be used to enhance mental health and resilience in pregnant women and to formulate appropriate intervention strategies. © 2023 Journal of Integrative Nursing ;Published by Wolters Kluwer ‑ Medknow.

Analysis of predictors of stress during confinement by COVID-19 in Spain

Introduction: Confinement has had a great emotional impact on the population, especially in terms of stress. Factors such as the presence of previous mental or physical illness, resilience or emotional intelligence may influence the occurrence or increase of stress. The aim was to assess predictors of stress by comparing two statistical methodologies (one linear and one non-linear). Method: 802 Spaniards (65.50% women) who completed the questionnaires autonomously after signing the informed consent form participated. Stress (PSPP), COVID-19 threat perception (BIPQ-5), resilience (CD-RISC-10) and emotional intelligence (TMMS-24) were assessed. Descriptive statistics, hierarchical regression (HRM) and fuzzy set comparative qualitative analysis (fsQCA) were conducted. Results: Data obtained by HRM showed that the presence of previous mental illness, low resilience and emotional clarity, high emotional alertness and COVID-19 threat perception predicted 51% of the variance in stress. On the other hand, the results of the QCA showed that different combinations of these variables explained 71% of high stress and 56% of low stress. Pointing out how the presence of previous mental illness, high resilience, high emotional clarity and repair, low emotional alertness and low COVID-19 threat perception play a key role in explaining stress. Conclusions: These aspects will help to promote personal resources to buffer stress in confinement situations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) (Spanish) Introduccion: El confinamiento ha supuesto un gran impacto emocional en la poblacion observandose, especialmente, el padecimiento de estres. Factores como la presencia de enfermedades mentales o fisicas previas, la resiliencia o la inteligencia emocional, pueden influir en la aparicion o el aumento del estres. El objetivo fue evaluar los predictores del estres mediante la comparacion de dos metodologias estadisticas (una lineal y otra no lineal). Metodo: Participaron 802 espanoles (65,50% mujeres), que rellenaron de manera autonoma los cuestionarios tras la firma del consentimiento informado. Se valoro el estres (PSPP), la percepcion de amenaza del COVID-19 (BIPQ- 5), la resiliencia (CD-RISC-10) y la inteligencia emocional (TMMS-24). Se llevaron a cabo estadisticos descriptivos, regresiones jerarquicas (MRJ) y analisis cualitativos comparativos de conjuntos difusos (fsQCA). Resultados: Los datos obtenidos por MRJ evidenciaron que la presencia de una enfermedad mental previa, una baja resiliencia y claridad emocional, una alta atencion emocional y percepcion de amenaza del COVID-19, predijeron el 51% de la varianza del estres. Por su parte, los resultados del QCA mostraron que las diferentes combinaciones de estas variables explicaron el 71% de los casos de altos niveles de estres y, el 56%, de los bajos niveles de estres, senalando como la presencia de una enfermedad mental previa, la alta resiliencia, la alta claridad y reparacion emocional, la baja atencion emocional y la baja percepcion de amenaza del COVID-19, juegan un papel fundamental en la explicacion del estres. Conclusiones: Estos aspectos ayudaran a promover los recursos personales para amortiguar el estres en situaciones de confinamiento. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Marital Satisfaction and Mental Health in Adults Over 40 Years Old. Associations with Self-Perceptions of Aging and Stress Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Being married has been associated with a better attitude to aging and a buffer against stressful situations, factors that influence mental health. The study analyzes the role of self-perceptions of aging and stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the association between marital satisfaction and participants' mental health. 246 people older than 40 years in a marital/partner relationship were assessed. A path analysis was tested, where self-perceptions of aging and stress from the COVID-19 situation were proposed as mechanisms of action in the association between marital satisfaction and anxious and depressive symptoms. Marital satisfaction, self-perceptions of aging, and stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic significantly contributed to the model and explained 31% of the variance in participants´ anxious symptomatology, and 42% of the variance in depressive symptomatology. The indirect path of self-perceptions of aging and stress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the link between marital satisfaction and anxious and depressive symptoms was statistically significant for both outcome variables. The findings of this study suggest that lower perceived marital satisfaction is associated with higher levels of negative self-perceptions of aging and with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. Public significance statements: This study suggests that higher marital satisfaction may be a buffer for negative self-perception of aging, and both factors are related with experiencing less stress from COVID-19. These links are associated with less anxious and depressive symptoms.

Determinants of Unplanned Pregnancy in Married Women in North Sumatra Province

Unplanned pregnancy remains a public health problem as it negatively affects fetal development and adversely impacts the mother and child's health. In the efforts to reduce maternal dan infant mortality, as well as improve maternal health, unplanned pregnancy occurs due to several factors such as age, knowledge, contraceptive failures, and finances. The study aimed to determine the factors associated with the incidence of unwanted pregnancy. This study implemented a cross-sectional design using secondary data from the 2019 Program Performance and Accountability Survey of North Sumatra Province. The bivariate analysis was performed through a simple logistic regression. Multiple logistic regression was performed in multivariate analysis. The result showed that there were 21.3% of women reported their last pregnancy as an unplanned pregnancy. The study concluded that factors associated with an unplanned pregnancy are age at the last preg-nancy, wealth at a lower index, having two or more children, and not working. Having two or more children is the most dominant factor in an unplanned pregnancy. © 2023, Universitas Negeri Semarang. All rights reserved.

Sociological aspects of Tokyo Olympics

The Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo in July-September 2021 took place in a challenging social environment that seriously affected the public perception of events. When preparing for the Olympics in 2013-2019, the Japanese people actively supported the Games, which was confirmed by the results of numerous sociological studies. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began, followed by several waves of infection. The competition was postponed for a year. Vaccination in Japan was delayed compared to most G7 countries. Against this background, in the summer of 2021, the most dangerous Delta strain of coronavirus began to spread in the country, bringing the rise in mortality rates, and the overflowing of hospitals in large cities. In such a difficult epidemiological and social situation, surveys recorded a negative attitude towards the Olympics. However, during the competition, the majority opinion once again turned positive, mainly due to the athletic successes of the Japanese team and effective anti-virus control measures. The absence of spectators in the venues, most probably, did not affect the sporting achievements significantly. At least, Japanese Olympic team won a record number of medals. Infection prevention measures proved effective in limiting the transmission of the virus among the athletes and the Japanese service personnel. The economic and symbolic achievements of the Games did not meet expectations, as, during the Olympics, it was not possible to properly address its significance as the end point of the low-growth "lost decades", evidence of economic recovery after the triple disaster of 2011, and as a tool to increase Japan's tourist attractiveness. Therefore, during a pandemic, major sports events should be held primarily to train top-class athletes and to increase populace satisfaction with the success of the national team rather than to obtain direct economic benefits or improve the host country's image.

Support for COVID-19 mandatory vaccination in the United States: examining the role of cultural worldviews, risk-benefit perceptions, and trust in scientists

This study sets out to understand the role of cultural worldviews, risk perceptions, and trust in scientists in impacting U.S. participants' support for COVID-19 mandatory vaccination. Results from an online survey (N = 594) suggest that stronger individualistic and hierarchical worldviews are associated with more perceived COVID-19 vaccination risks, less perceived COVID-19 vaccination benefits, and lower support for COVID-19 mandatory vaccination. Perceived benefits mediate the impact of cultural worldviews on support for COVID-19 mandatory vaccination. Trust in scientists moderates the relationship between cultural worldviews and perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

How Does Firm-Level Economic Policy Uncertainty Affect Corporate Innovation? Evidence from China

Innovation is the main driving force of the sustainable development of enterprises. Economic policy uncertainty has increased dramatically in recent years due to events such as COVID-19, which will alter the business environment of enterprises and ultimately affect their innovation behavior. How economic policy uncertainty will affect corporate innovation has become a crucial topic, but empirical studies have not reached consistent conclusions, and few have noted the heterogeneity of different firms' perceptions of uncertainty. This study used a textual analysis approach to create firm-level economic policy uncertainty indicators from the texts of annual reports of Chinese A-share listed firms. Based on the effectiveness of our measure of economic policy uncertainty, we further examined its impact on firm innovation. We find that our uncertainty measure has negative effects on enterprise innovation activity, and this negative impact is more significant among non-state-owned enterprises, and firms with higher financial constraints and lower government subsidies. We extend the measurement of economic policy uncertainty from the micro level and provide some suggestions for policymakers at the macro level. In the period of increasing uncertainty in the external environment, the government should try to maintain the stability and transparency of economic policies, and provide more targeted policy support to enterprises, such as by broadening their financing channels and providing innovation subsidies. © 2023 by the authors.

Influence of First-Time Visitors' Perceptions of Destination Image on Perceived Value and Destination Loyalty: A Case Study of Grand Canal Forest Park, Beijing

During the COVID-19 pandemic, urban forest parks are becoming increasingly significant for recreation and relaxation, not just for urban residents but also for tourists. This study empirically examined the structural relationships among first-time visitors' perceptions of destination image, perceived value and destination loyalty through structural equation modeling. Additionally, the mediating influence of perceived value and the moderating effect of gender were investigated as well. The Grand Canal Forest Park in Beijing was selected as the case study. In total, 486 questionnaires that were considered to be legitimate were gathered and afterwards analyzed. The results revealed that first-time visitors' perceptions of destination image can positively and significantly affect their perceived value and destination loyalty. In addition, perceived value partially mediates the relationship between first-time visitors' perceptions of destination image and destination loyalty. Moreover, the findings of the examination of the moderating effects showed that gender has substantial moderating effects on the relationships described above. The theoretical and practical implications, limitations and future research of the current study are also discussed. © 2023 by the authors.

Hazard communication through telephone interpreters during the pandemic in Spain: the case of COVID-19 tracer calls

This contribution addresses the telephone calls from coronavirus tracers to patients mediated by interpreters through the analysis of a series of real conversations during the communication of PCR tests results, hazards of this situation, hygiene instructions, lockdown orders, and related health issues. The focus will be on culture-related aspects of the communication related to the perception of risk and the asymmetry of knowledge, as reflected on the discourse of the tracers and the responses from patients (many of them immersed in situations of helplessness, unemployment, mental disorders, indigence or simply defiance against legal and health restrictions), as well as on the mechanisms that interpreters use to bridge communication. Critical incident analysis will be used as a methodological approach to select, analyse, and reflect on examples, to be able, not only to offer objective results about the characteristics of the discourse and the nature of the mechanisms used by interpreters, but also to provide criticism and suggestions for the interpreting practice. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Students' Perception of Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Polish and Ukrainian Perspectives

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a rapid shift to online learning at universities, leading to an acceleration of changes directed at creating more inclusive education models. The goal of this research is to explore various aspects of online learning patterns, including students' online behavior, and attitude towards online communication. The study incorporates qualitative and qualitative data analysis. Based on 1562 survey responses from Polish and Ukrainian students, it has been found that there are still differences in digital competencies between men and women, which may be rooted in traditional gender roles. The analysis of students' attitudes towards online education also identified both positive and negative aspects of this form of learning, providing insight into areas that could be improved. The main research limitation stems from the interpretative nature of the findings, which have restricted generalization power. The research findings may be useful in shaping future educational policies at Polish and Ukrainian universities. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Experiential COVID-19 factors predicting resilience among Spanish adults.

BACKGROUND: The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has meant for spanish citizens a constant adaptation to health measures in order to try to stop transmission of the virus. During this adaptation process, different psychosocial aspects have caused consequences for people?s mental health to a greater or lesser extent. Makes sense of an emotional torrent who has gone through fear, anxiety, loneliness and anger. The interaction between perception and reality has given rise to situations where loneliness and social isolation have been imposed and lived with a load of emotional discomfort. In others, social isolation and measures to stop the pandemic have been accepted as a protection system and has been experienced since serenity and the feeling of self-protection fostering individual resilience. Studying the predictors of resilience is going to be key since it is the ideal antidote to stop the appearance of mental disorders associated with the pandemic (such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, social phobia, cleaning obsessions, and generalized anxiety disorder). The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between resilience and experiential COVID-19 factors. METHODS: Sample was comprised of Spanish adults (n = 1000; age 18-79 [mean =40.43],793 female, 201 male, and 2 non binary sex). These people participating in an online study focused on the impact of COVID-19 experiences. The research has been cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational design. The instrument created for this research was a specific online questionnaire, including the "Scale of resilience" (RS, Wagnild & Young, 1993, Spanish version, Sánchez-Teruel, et al., 2015). That questionnaire has been administered during the months of April 2022 to July 2022. RESULTS: The results obtained show how people who have been able to face the pandemic in a responsive and adaptive way have high resilience. Specifically, those participants that accepting the use of masks, vaccinations and confinement obtained high resilience. CONCLUSIONS: Using public funding and allocating research to the development of programs to promote resilience, adaptative beliefs and prosocial behaviors becomes basic to live in a world in constant change.

The mediating effects of attitude toward death and meaning of life on the relationship between perception of death and coping with death competence among Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: It is important to understand how the perception of death affects the competence to cope with death. OBJECTIVES: To explore whether the perception of death has an indirect effect on competence to cope with death through the mediation of attitude toward death and meaning of life. METHODS: A total of 786 nurses from Hunan Province, China, selected by random sampling method and asked to complete an online electronic questionnaire between October and November 2021 were included in the study. RESULTS: The nurses' scored 125.39 ± 23.88 on the competence to cope with death. There was a positive correlation among perception of death, competence to cope with death, the meaning of life, and attitude toward death. There were three mediating pathways: the separate mediating effect of natural acceptance and meaning of life, and the chain mediating effect of natural acceptance and meaning of life. CONCLUSION: The nurses' competence to cope with death was moderate. Perception of death could indirectly and positively predict nurses' competence to cope with death by enhancing natural acceptance or sense of meaning in life. In addition, perception of death could improve natural acceptance and then enhance the sense of meaning in life to positively predict nurses' competence to cope with death.

Words, numbers, warnings, tips, but still low risk perception

Psychology of communication must do everything is possible to promote an adequate perception of risk. This is particularly true when it comes to transmitting statistical and probabilistic data to an audience of non-experts, inevitably conditioning their perception of risk. Data are all available, but subjects are able to understand them in the specific meanings proper to a specialized language, only if they are adequately transmitted. And we find these phenomena in the difficulty in representing the trend of, for instance, Covid-19 contagion, based on probability of contagion and mortality. In general, then, when we communicate scientific terms or data we should re-introduce the psychological aspects which characterize communication. The nudging strategies can be considered as a prototype of approach to overcome risky behaviours, which takes into account the cognitive characteristics of the human system. This strategy acts on different levels, using implicit factors, bypassing defensive attitudes and exploiting adaptive inferential processes, without overloading the cognitive system. But from a communicative point of view, nudge, as well as any other type of intervention, is not a general 'recipe. The acceptance of the suggestion, the effectiveness of the nudging implies the congruity with the system that receives it: the "way of reasoning", and its implicit layer has to be taken into account. The right combination of the source, the adopted message and the decisional setting could improve the efficacy of the public policies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Media Coverage During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Croatia

The beginning of the pandemic was characterized by a lack of information and knowledge, so the need for ontological security was fulfilled via information provided by the media, scientific content and other expert systems. A pandemic should not only be viewed as a health or economic crisis, but also as a social crisis that requires an analysis of the social context, factors and actors as predictors for understanding its effects and consequences. During the pandemic, the media emerged as an important predictor of risk perception and trust between institutions and the public. We owe our perception to the media that select, omit, shape or interpret certain social phenomena in a specific way. According to the theory of mediatization, the media are viewed through the prism of their relationship with the wider social and institutional environment, so they are also key factors in the perception of individual situations and encouraging a certain type of behavior. Health Belief Model (HBM) claims that socially responsible behavior (promoted by the media) depends on the perception of risk to one's own health and how that certain "promoted" behavior would be effective in combating the risk. Following risk theory, the interpretation of risk depends on the social context, values, interests and activities of social actors, including the media that affect the perception of risk as an objective fact, but also as a social construction (Bagić and Šuljok, 2020: 121). According to the aforementioned theories, the aim of this research was to determine the perception of media coverage and its effect on socially responsible behavior during the first wave of the pandemic, which was marked by a complete cessation of economic and social activities. The data were collected using the online survey questionnaire encompassing the period from March to July 2020. A total of 620 respondents participated in the study. The results suggest that positive perception of media coverage were primarily directed towards traditional media, such as television. Also, the results of the regression analysis suggest that a positive perception of media coverage depends on different socio-demographic characteristics and that it can be an incentive for socially responsible behavior. © 2022 Doron Fakultet Politickih Znanosti. All rights reserved.

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE TOURIST BEHAVIOR OF THE SLOVENIAN POPULATION

The Covid-19 pandemic was a major shock to tourism around the world and in Slo-venia. The number of tourist trips and overnight stays dropped sharply, and tourist flows were diverted. The paper presents the results of a survey, the aim of which was to deepen the knowledge about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the tourist behavior of the Slovenian population. The results show that the pandemic influenced less frequent and shorter tourist trips and the choice of different tourist destinations. Travel decisions were influenced by both the role of epidemiological restrictions and perceptions of the safety of various forms of tourist travel, as well as the usual factors of tourist decision making. © 2022, University of Ljubljana Press. All rights reserved.

Teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic: a leader-member exchange perspective

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of teleworking and teleworking is expected to be a central feature of workplaces of the future. The present study examines the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) and perception of loneliness on the relationship between proactive coping and the work productivity of teleworkers during the COVID-19 crisis time.Design/methodology/approachUsing structural equation modeling (SEM), this study the study is based on a survey of 572 teleworkers in Taiwan drawn from a variety of industry sectors.FindingsThrough the application of a hypothesized moderated mediation model, the indirect effects of proactive coping on work productivity via LMX are stronger for employees who experience a higher level of perceived loneliness.Research limitations/implicationsThe results have contributed to current understanding on the success of telework at the individual level and extends research framework of teleworking. Using self-report questionnaire is one of the limitations;however, this was feasible data collection method during COVID-19.Practical implicationsOrganizations need to provide further training aimed at enhancing proactive coping and dealing with future work challenges in the complex and dynamic workplace.Originality/valueThis study is the first among its type to examine proactive coping and job productivity from a LMX during COVID-19.

Mind the Gap: The Illusion of Skill Acquisition in Computational Thinking

With the advent of online educational platforms and the advances in pedagogical technologies, self-directed learning has emerged as one of the most popular modes of learning. Distance education - -elevated by the COVID-19 pandemic - -involves methods of instruction through a variety of remote activities which often rely on educational videos for mastery. In the absence of direct student engagement, the asynchronous nature of remote activities may deteriorate the quality of education for learners. Students often have an illusion of skill acquisition after watching videos, which results in overestimation of abilities and skills. We focus on the efficacy of skill acquisition through interactive technologies and assess their impact on computational thinking in comparison with delivery through other traditional media (e.g. videos and texts). In particular, we investigate the relationship between actual learning, perception of learning, and learners' confidence in adult learners. Our results reveal intriguing observations about the role of interactivity and visualization and their implications on the pedagogical design for self-directed learning modules. © 2023 ACM.

The effect of COVID-19 on tourists' attitudes and travel intentions: an empirical study on camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during COVID-19

PurposeIn this study, visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions towards camping/glamping tourism in Turkey during the pandemic were investigated using the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The model has been extended to include constructs such as risk perception and risk aversion attitudes that stem from COVID-19 to predict visitors' attitudes and behavioural intentions.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected through an online questionnaire from 432 participants who have experience and interest in camping/glamping tourism in Turkey. The responses were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsThe findings show that besides the basic TPB structures, other added variables also significantly affect visitors' attitudes and intentions. Moreover, it has been observed that the risk perception and risk aversion attitude derived from COVID-19 increase negative emotions in visitors and decreased behavioural intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the study are discussed for future research as well as its academic and practical implications.Originality/valueThis theoretical expansion is thought to increase the theory's predictive power in predicting visitors' behaviour during the pandemic.

Variables Explaining the Modal Shift in Public Transport Use Due to COVID-19 in an Urban Environment in Queretaro

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the way we move around due to the constant risk of contracting the virus and the social-distancing measures and restrictions implemented by the authorities. These have produced changes in modal travel behaviors because of the perception of COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the significant variables that explain the relationship of COVID-related socio-demographic, commuting, and integral perception variables with the modal shift in urban mobility of public transport users. To this end, we considered the socio-demographic, commuting, and integral perception characteristics of users to estimate a binary logistic regression model based on data from 365 valid questionnaires applied in the Benito Juarez Industrial Park (PIBJ, in Spanish), located in the Santiago de Queretaro urban zone, Mexico. The results show that occupation, commuting time, awareness about the consequences of becoming infected, the possibility of becoming infected while using/not using public transport, and whether using public transport is considered risky are variables significantly related to the modal shift in public transport users during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 Instituto de Geografia. All rights reserved.